Early Contractor Involvement: A Strategic Approach to Construction Management The ECI model was coined in 1976, and research throughout the 1990s indicated that its use could reduce project durations by around 10% and lower costs by approximately 7%. The 1994 Latham Report, which examined structural issues within the UK construction industry, recommended broader adoption of ECI, and its use grew steadily in the early 2000s. In its early years, ECI services were typically prov

The Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) Plan of Work 2020 represents a seminal, globally influential framework that systematizes the design, procurement, and construction of built assets into a coherent, staged process. While originating in the UK, its methodology has been adopted and adapted internationally, establishing it as a de facto standard for managing project complexity and fostering collaborative workflows across the construction industry. This article posi